PIEZO GENERATOR + TRIBOELECTRIC
This hybrid generator combines high piezoelectric output current and triboelectric output voltage, which produces peak output voltage of ~370 V, current density of ~12 μA·cm−2, and average power density of ~4.44 mW·cm−2. The output power successfully lit up 600 LED bulbs by the application of a 0.2 N mechanical force and it charged a 10 μF capacitor to 10 V in 25 s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_power_density
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_power_density
One mW/cm2 is the same power density as 10 W/m2
4.44 mW/cm2 = 44.4 W/m2
1 watt per square meter = 0.092903 watts per square foot
44.4 W/m2 = 4.125 W/ft2
Newtons to Foot LBS
| 1 Newtons to Pounds-force = 0.2248 | 70 Newtons to Pounds-force = 15.7366 |
| 2 Newtons to Pounds-force = 0.4496 | 80 Newtons to Pounds-force = 17.9847 |
| 3 Newtons to Pounds-force = 0.6744 | 90 Newtons to Pounds-force = 20.2328 |
PIEZO GENERATORS AND ACUATORS EXPLAINED
Piezo Video
Transducers convert one form of energy to another. Piezo actuators convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. This is why they are referred to as "motors" (often linear motors). Piezo sensors convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This is why they are referred to as "generators". In most cases, the same element can be used to perform either task.
Single sheets: can be energized to produce motion in the thickness, length, and width directions. They may be stretched or compressed to generate electrical output.
Thin 2-layer elements are the most versatile configuration of all. They may be used like single sheets (made up of 2 layers), they can be used to bend, or they can be used to extend. "Benders" achieve large deflections relative to other piezo transducers. "Extenders", being much stiffer, produce smaller deflections but higher forces.
Multilayered piezo stacks can deliver and support high force loads with minimal compliance, but they deliver small motions.
Single sheets: can be energized to produce motion in the thickness, length, and width directions. They may be stretched or compressed to generate electrical output.
Thin 2-layer elements are the most versatile configuration of all. They may be used like single sheets (made up of 2 layers), they can be used to bend, or they can be used to extend. "Benders" achieve large deflections relative to other piezo transducers. "Extenders", being much stiffer, produce smaller deflections but higher forces.
Multilayered piezo stacks can deliver and support high force loads with minimal compliance, but they deliver small motions.
NCG pad
The smallscaled
device and NCG pad are driven by the
slight bending motions of fi nger tapping and
regular foot stepping, respectively. The voltage
and current produced by the slow finger
motion reaches up to ∼ 200 mV and ∼ 7 nA,
respectively (see Figure S13b and Video S1);
the output values by finger tapping are lower
than those of bending stage with high speed
deformation of Figure 2 .
The NCG pad repeatedly
generates the output signals of ∼ 1.5 V
and ∼ 150 nA (see Figure S13d and Video S1);
these output values are produced from an
activation area of 5 cm x 7 cm with applying
force of ∼ 200 N (i.e., ∼ 57 kPa).
piezoelectric actuator
Water pumps for domestic wells operate off and on throughout the day and night.
To estimate the cost of pumping water, you need to have a rough idea of the amount of water you use. The average household uses about 90 gallons of water per person per day.
A one-horsepower pump uses about 1,000 watts of electricity when it's running. Domestic pumps deliver about 20 gallons of water per minute.
You can use the following formulas to figure your cost of pumping water.
To calculate how long the pump is "on": 90 gallons x number of residents = number of gallons used per day / (divided by) 20 gallons per minute= "on" timeExample: 90 (gallons) x 4 (residents) = 360 (gallons per day) / 20= 18 minutes or .3 hourTo calculate the cost of operating the pump: (Horsepower x 1000 x hours) / 1000 watts= kwh x $.0816 = cost per dayExample: (1 x 1000 x .3) / 1000= .3 kwh x $.0816 = 2.5 cents per day In this instance, the estimated monthly cost for pumping water for a family of four would be 73 cents (2.5 cents per day x 30 days).
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2752022/Pitch-black-start-playing-Kinetic-football-field-harnesses-players-energy-power-night-time-lights.html
Billed as Brazil's first player-powered football pitch, a field in a Rio de Janeiro slum has been opened that harnesses the kinetic energy of players' movements to provide night-time illumination.
https://energyphysics.wikispaces.com/Use+of+Piezoelectrics+(Human+Powered+Energy)
Piezoelectric materials were first theorized in the mid 1700's. However, it wasn't until 1880 that the piezoelectric effect was demonstrated.
The Pavegen website claims that one of their tiles can generate 7 watts of power for the duration of an average human step. The tiles measure 0.6 m x 0.45 m and are made from approximately 90% recycled materials.
PAVEGEN
http://www.pavegen.com/
PIEZO BENDER AS A SWITCH
http://www.puiaudio.com/resources-white-papers-piezo-bender.aspx
DIGIKEY sales
http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/7BB-15-6L0/490-7800-ND/3863486
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/04/07/1827941/under-pressure-piezoelectric-energy-to-be-generated-by-paris-marathoners/
While each footstep only generates 8 watts of energy through the kinetic motion of the runner stepping on the tile, there will be 40,000 runners passing over those tiles. Pavegen CEO Laurance Kemball-Cook invented the technology, and hopes to provide an easy way to generate electricity, regardless of weather. There is a contest to see who can guess how much energy the marathon will generate.
https://ideasforus.wordpress.com/solutions/research-rd/piezoelectricity/
Each step generates 5W-seconds of energy that can be stored and used to offset power consumption of local devices like LED or electroluminescent fixtures, electronic displays, information kiosks, and cell phone charging stations.
In a day of growing urban population, PowerFloor is a no brainer for high-traffic urban environments where PowerFloor can generate kWh per day
https://kinetictiles.wordpress.com/tag/piezoelectric-floor-tiles/
Energy Generating Rubber
http://ricoh.com/release/2015/0518_1.html
http://www.engineerlive.com/content/power-and-potential-piezoelectric-energy-harvesting
Precedent
http://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2012/oct/new-piezoelectric-technologies-drive-energy-harvesting-from-vibrations
KAIST
http://www.gizmag.com/low-cost-large-area-piezoelectric-nanogenerator/22468/
http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/six-sidewalks-that-work-while-you-walk.html
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