YBI Redevelopment

https://www.google.com/search?q=treasure+island+redevelopment+solar+power&rlz=1C1CHWA_enUS551US551&oq=treasure+island+redevelopment+solar+power&aqs=chrome..69i57.16405j0j8&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8


http://www.sfbg.com/politics/2014/07/10/treasure-island-development-plans-moving-forward-after-lawsuit-rejected

http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2014/10/treasure-island-lennar-wilson-meany-court-sf.html

http://sf.curbed.com/archives/categories/treasure_island.php

SOM Master Plan
http://www.som.com/projects/treasure_island_master_plan


images
https://www.google.com/search?q=treasure+island+development+plan&sa=X&rlz=1C1CHWA_enUS551US551&es_sm=122&biw=1340&bih=788&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=6RwRVeaxBcKlNtqpgugF&ved=0CDIQsAQ#imgdii=_

Current Developers -  Lennar Corporation and Kenwood Investments.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure_Island_Development

http://treasureislandsfbay.com/ti-redevelopment/

Lennar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennar_Corporation


Previous Development Plan - Treasure Island Community Development
http://sftreasureisland.org/development-project

Sustainable public benefit of development of YBI and TI
http://sanfranciscobay.sierraclub.org/sfgroup/issues/treasure-island.html

BIOMASS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae_fuel

The United States Department of Energy estimates that if algae fuel replaced all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles (39,000 km²), which is only 0.42% of the U.S. map,or about half of the land area of Maine. This is less than ¹⁄₇ the area of corn harvested in the United States in 2000.

http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5391

Algae can produce 5,000 - 8,000 gallons per acre vs 420 gallons per acre for corn.

http://cleantechnica.com/2014/08/20/alabama-gets-first-world-carbon-negative-algae-biofuel/

improve the fuel quality by reducing the nitrogen content of the feedstock.

https://www.rit.edu/showcase/index.php?id=167

The algae remove ammonia, phosphate and nitrate, significantly reducing the pathogen load; a centrifuge removes the algae; and an ultraviolet radiation system developed at EET kills any leftover pathogens. All that remains for clean, potable water is to adjust the pH level.

Lodge says algae will take out 99 percent of the ammonia, 88 percent of the nitrate and 99 percent of the phosphate from wastewater.

http://ecopreneurist.com/2014/04/17/algenol-produces-8000-gallons-algae-biofuel-per-acre-1-27-per-gallon/

Algenol’s process, which begins with salt water, actually produces 1.4 gallons of clean water for each gallon of fuel

The algae goes through a special "hydrothermal liquefaction" process that, with temperatures of about 550 degrees Fahrenheit, turn it into a kind of bio-crude oil

Potential Yields

Depending on the culture systems used (opens ponds vs.enclosed photobioreactors), microalgae production yield is expressed as the amount of biomass per unit of surface area (for open ponds), or per unit of reactor volume (for enclosed photobioreactors). A typical open pond can produce 5 to 10 grams of biomass (dry basis) per m2 of surface area per day, which translates to 7.4 to 14.8 tons (dry biomass) per acre per year. Some researchers reported that biomass yield can be as high as 50 g/m2 per day, i.e., 74 ton biomass/m2 per year in an open pond. For enclosed photobioreactors, the biomass yield can be approximately 2 to 3 gram/L per day, i.e., 0.73-1.05 ton (dry biomass)/m3 per year. The oil content of the dry biomass is a highly variable parameter (Table 1), while some strains can reach as high as 80 percent (Metting 1996; Spolaore et al. 2006). Table 2 lists the potential yields of oil produced by various crops and compares these values to oil yields from an open pond growing microalgae. 1000 L = 1 m3 * 3 g * 365 = 2,411 lbs

The EPA estimates that one gallon of gasoline is equal to 33.7 kWh

1 metric ton = 2204.62 * 1.05 = 2,314.85 lbs

453.592 grams per pound

7.34 pounds per gallon biodiesel 

3.581 kWh per lb biodiesel

26.283 kWh per gallon biodiesel

SURFACE AREA

Surface area = 97 feet wide * 10.5 feet high per story * 65 stories * 2 inches deep =

66,202.5 square feet = 9,533,160 square inches * 2 inches deep = 

19,106,320 cubic inches = 313.096 cubic meters = 313,096 Liters

313.096 cubic meters * 2315 lbs = 724,817 lbs dry biomass per year

313,096 Liters * 3 grams per day * 365 / 453.592 grams per lb = 755,834 lbs

755,834 lbs * 0.80 = 604,666 lbs DRY/ 7.34 =  82,379 gallons

604,666 * 3.581 kWh = 2,165,309 kWh

82,379 gal * 26.283 kWh = 2,165,185 kWh

ACRE

43,500 sqft per acre = 6,264,000 sq inches  * 2 inches deep = 12,528,000 cubic inches 

12,528,000 cubic inches = 205.294 cubic meters = 205,297 Liters

205.294 cubic meters * 2315 lbs = 475,255 lbs dry biomass per year

205,297 Liters * 3 grams per day * 365 / 453.592 grams per lb = 495,600 lbs

495,600 lbs * 0.80 = 396,480 lbs DRY / 7.34 =  54,016 gallons

396,480 * 3.581 kWh = 1,419,794 kWh

54,016 gal * 26.283 kWh = 1,419,702 kWh

http://articles.extension.org/pages/26600/algae-for-biofuel-production

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne_of_oil_equivalent

3.581 kWh per lb biodiesel

26.283 kWh per gallon biodiesel

Crude oil 44.53 TJ/Gg Gross Calorific Value
Biodiesels 28.42 TJ/Gg Gross Calorific Value

1 Gg = 2,204,622 lbs
1 TJ = 277.77 MWh

1 tonne of crude oil  = 306.2 gallons = 11.63 MWh

• 1 toe = 11.63 megawatt-hours (MWh)

1 toe (tonne) is equivalent to approximately 2,204.6 pounds

A gallon of crude oil weighs about 7.2 lbs

Biodiesel has a density 0.88 grams per cubic centimeter. This converts to about 7.34 pounds per gallon.

Biodiesel yield from transesterfication is more than 90% and the biodiesel quality is comparable to conventional petroleum diesel

107,935 gal per acre/year * 26.28 kWh/gal = 2,836,531 kWh / year / acre

50,000 gal per acre/year * 26.28 kWh/gal = 1,314,139 kWh / year / acre

10,000 gal per acre / year * 26.28 kWh/gal = 262,827 kWh / year

http://www.algaeproductionsystems.com/algae.html

According to the method by IAEA.

The algae left out after the centrifuge Shud be heated in dry heat sterlizer for 4 hrs @80 C.

The mass left out wud be the dry weight of the algae.

I am getting a dry mass of 1g/l(dry bases) which is approx. 1/8 of the wet mass.

http://ecopreneurist.com/2014/04/17/algenol-produces-8000-gallons-algae-biofuel-per-acre-1-27-per-gallon/

Algae Biofuel Process by Algenol Yields 8000 Gallons per Acre at $1.27 per Gallon

Algenol’s process, which begins with salt water, actually produces 1.4 gallons of clean water for each gallon of fuel

The company’s Direct to Ethanol process yields a biofuel with an 80% lower carbon footprint than gasoline, and has the added benefit of using a byproduct of other industrial processes, carbon dioxide, to produce a clean fuel (one metric tonne of carbon dioxide fed into the Algenol process produces around 144 gallons of fuels).

Some types of algae comprise more than 50 percent oil, and an average acre of algae grown today for pharmaceutical industries can produce 5,000 gallons (19,000 liters) of biodiesel each year. By comparison, an average acre of corn produces 420 gallons (1,600 liters) of ethanol per year, and an acre of soybeans yields just 70 gallons (265 liters) of biodiesel per year.

1 acre = 43,560 sqft

This limits the effective photosynthetic zone to the volume within five centimeters of the surface of a pond," he says

http://allaboutalgae.com/benefits/

Algae store energy in the form of oils and carbohydrates, which, combined with their high productivity, means they can produce from 2,000 to as many as 5,000 gallons of biofuels per acre per year. - See more at: http://allaboutalgae.com/benefits/#sthash.JbkCjuYR.dpuf

Algae Can Purify Wastewaters Algae thrive in nutrient-rich waters like municipal waste waters (sewage), animal wastes and some industrial effluents, at the same time purifying these wastes while producing a biomass suitable for biofuels production. - See more at: http://allaboutalgae.com/benefits/#sthash.JbkCjuYR.dpuf

Algal Biomass Can Be Used as an Energy Source After oil extraction, the remaining algal biomass can be dried and “pelletized” and used as fuel that is burned in industrial boilers and other power generation sources. - See more at: http://allaboutalgae.com/benefits/#sthash.JbkCjuYR.dpuf

Photobioreactors[edit]

These systems allow for the growth of algae with lower lipid content than the previous two systems. This is important because low-oil algae can grow up to 30 fold faster than other species, potentially allowing PBR systems to harvest algae up to 30 times more often

Most companies pursuing algae as a source of biofuels pump nutrient-rich water through plastic or borosilicate glass tubes (called "bioreactors" ) that are exposed to sunlight (and so-called photobioreactors or PBR).

Running a PBR is more difficult than using an open pond, and more costly, but may provide a higher level of control and productivity.^[38] In addition, a photobioreactor can be integrated into a closed loop cogeneration system much more easily than ponds or other methods.

The United States Department of Energy estimates that if algae fuel replaced all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles (39,000 km²), which is only 0.42% of the U.S. map,^[11]or about half of the land area of Maine. This is less than ¹⁄₇ the area of corn harvested in the United States in 2000.^[12]

http://energy.gov/eere/videos/energy-101-algae-fuel

http://www.oilgae.com/algae/cult/pbr/pbr.html

BIQ

http://www.splitterwerk.at/database/

Renewable Energy Types

WIND

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power

http://chitribune.blogspot.com/2015/03/wind-turbines.html

http://www.wind-works.org/cms/index.php?id=64&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2220&cHash=b55932dfebd049ab01c1d968670afc1e

The summary well captures the document and the state of the technology then and now.

“The following recommendations are made concerning the viability of developing small VAWTs or HAWTs.

• The maximum aerodynamic efficiency of any VAWT will be lower than available HAWT designs. This difference is likely to be between 15 and 25%.

• Due to the lower efficiency, the VAWT will capture less energy for the same swept area.

• For a given swept area, the mass of the rotor and support structure of a VAWT will be greater than that of an equivalent HAWT. This mass difference is likely to translate into a cost difference.

• The savings that a VAWT may enjoy due to lower drive train and maintenance costs are unlikely to balance the lower energy capture and higher initial rotor costs.

• The same diseconomies of scale apply, in theory, to both HAWT and VAWT configurations.

• Both HAWTs and VAWTs suffer from fatigue loads. The basic aerodynamic principles of the VAWT lead to fatigue loads at the harmonic frequencies, but the VAWT is not as sensitive as is the HAWT to the effects of turbulence. However, the VAWT is more likely to suffer resonant conditions especially if operated at variable speeds.”

The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources. Wind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over shorter time scales. As of 2014, Denmark has been generating around 40% of its electricity from wind. Over the past five years the average growth in new installations has been 27.6% each year. In the forecast to 2013 the expected average annual growth rate is 15.7%.[63][64] More than 200 GW of new wind power capacity could come on line before the end of 2014. Wind power market penetration is expected to reach 3.35% by 2013 and 8% by 2018. Wind power is capital intensive, but has no fuel costs.[125] The price of wind power is therefore much more stable than the volatile prices of fossil fuel sources.[126] The marginal cost of wind energy once a station is constructed is usually less than 1-cent per kW·h. In 1919 the German physicist Albert Betz showed that for a hypothetical ideal wind-energy extraction machine, the fundamental laws of conservation of mass and energy allowed no more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy of the wind to be captured. This Betz limit can be approached in modern turbine designs, which may reach 70 to 80% of the theoretical Betz limit. The maximum aerodynamic efficiency of any VAWT will be lower than available HAWT designs. This difference is likely to be between 15 and 25%. Due to the lower efficiency, the VAWT will capture less energy for the same swept area.


SOLAR

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power

https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&rlz=1C1CHWA_enUS551US551&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=clear%20solar%20panels

http://mitei.mit.edu/news/transparent-solar-cells


GEOTHERMAL

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy

https://www.google.com/search?q=geothermal+energy+potential+map&rlz=1C1CHWA_enUS551US551&espv=2&biw=1745&bih=868&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CDIQsARqFQoTCMvXwILkmMgCFUKYgAodiAMJTg#imgrc=5IhJbplA2izviM%3A

http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/renewable-energy-resources/world/north-america/geo-north-america/geo-us.shtml

http://www.nrel.gov/gis/geothermal.html


HYDRO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermill


PIEZO-ELECTRIC

http://www.puiaudio.com/resources-white-papers-piezo-bender.aspx


California Renewable Energy

http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/


http://www.pepractice.com/services/new-buildings/

https://corporate.nh-hoteles.es/en/corporate-responsibility-and-sustainability/csr-management/environment/environmental-management/energy

How much energy is consumed in one of our rooms?

Average energy consumption in a hotel is 40.4 kwh per guest/night. We used to consume 48 kw per guest/night which means that energy consumption has dropped 15.83% since the implementation of the Environmental Strategic Plan in 2008.